The healthcare landscape in Nigeria is characterized by a pluralistic system where traditional medicine and modern healthcare exist side-by-side. This paper explores the complex intersection of these two systems within Abuja Municipal, Nigeria. Drawing on a systematic literature review, we examine the roles of traditional healing practices and formal medical services, as well as the behavioral and socio-economic factors that influence health-seeking behavior. We identify key areas of overlap, including the concurrent use of both systems by patients, and discuss the opportunities and challenges for their potential integration. This paper argues that a nuanced understanding of this intersection is critical for developing effective, culturally-sensitive health policies and interventions that can leverage the strengths of both traditional and modern approaches to improve public health outcomes in Nigeria.